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Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA, USA. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 8th ed. (2014). Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology (Thirteenth edition.).
A clot formation is simply recorded as “clot” and cannot clearly differentiate between a clot and curd formation in this medium.
Because of this, litmus milk can give quite unreliable results.
Litmus milk is a complex medium that can produce a diversity of results.
Litmus media reactions are not specific and you should do additional tests for definitive identification of microorganisms.
The media may also be used to grow lactic acid bacteria.
It mainly aids in the identification and differentiation of Enterococcus, and Lactic acid bacteria.
It is commonly used to differentiate members within the genus Clostridium.
The litmus milk test differentiates members of the Enterobacteriacaeae from other gram-negative bacilli based on the enterics’ ability to reduce litmus.
Gas production: bubbles in coagulated milk.
Rennet curd: soft curd followed by peptonization (alkaline pH, supernatant brown).
Digestion: Dissolution of clot with clear, grayish, watery fluid and a shrunken, insoluble pink clot.
Acid curd: hard curd with clear supernatant (whey).
Multiple changes can occur over the observation period.
Observe daily for seven days for alkaline reaction (litmus turns blue), indicator reduction, acid clot, acid reaction (litmus turns pink), rennet clot, and peptonization.
Inoculate with 4 drops of a 24-hour broth culture.
Powdered skim milk (100 g), litmus (0.5 g), sodium sulphite (0.5 g), per 1000 mL, pH 6.8. Additionally, some organisms reduce litmus, in which case the medium becomes colorless in the bottom of the tube. Some bacteria hydrolyze casein, causing the milk to become straw colored and resemble turbid serum. With some organisms, the curd shrinks and whey is formed at the surface. If sufficient acid is produced, casein in the milk is coagulated, solidifying the milk. A variety of different biochemical changes result.įermentation of lactose is demonstrated when the litmus turns pink as a result of acid production. Litmus milk then forms an excellent differential medium in which microorganisms can metabolize milk substrates depending on their enzymatic complement. To distinguish among the metabolic changes produced in milk, a pH indicator, the oxidationreduction indicator litmus, is incorporated into the medium. The major milk substrates capable of transformation are the milk sugar lactose and the milk proteins casein, lactalbumin, and lactoglobulin.
To differentiate among microorganisms that enzymatically transforms different milk substrates into varied metabolic end products.
To determine an organism’s ability to metabolize litmus milk.
The test differentiates microorganisms based on various metabolic reactions in litmus milk, including reduction, fermentation, clot formation, digestion, and the formation of gas. The lactose (milk sugar), litmus (pH indicator), and casein (milk protein) contained within the medium can all be metabolized by different types of bacteria. Litmus milk is a milk-based medium used to distinguish between different species of bacteria. Milk is an excellent medium for the growth of microorganisms because it contains the milk protein casein, the sugar lactose, vitamins, minerals and water.
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